{"id":69,"date":"2013-01-01T20:26:59","date_gmt":"2013-01-01T18:26:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magusainsiyatifi.org\/?p=69"},"modified":"2020-09-30T05:45:37","modified_gmt":"2020-09-30T02:45:37","slug":"magusa-limani-insiyatifi","status":"publish","type":"mi_yazi","link":"https:\/\/magusainsiyatifi.org\/en\/mi_yazi\/magusa-limani-insiyatifi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131 \u0130nsiyatifi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Lojistik Merkezi Olma Potansiyeli, Siyasi \u0130zolasyonlar ve Liman\u0131n\u0131n Yeniden A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcme Sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 Fayda:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1974 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131, Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019in en \u00f6nemli Limanlar\u0131ndan birisi iken, 1974 sonras\u0131 KKTC yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan edilerek, uluslararas\u0131 toplum taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131nand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bug\u00fcn ticari anlamda \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 vermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti, TC\u2019nin 1974 askeri m\u00fcdahalesini m\u00fcteakiben, \u00f6ncelikle 265\/74 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa ile Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131n\u0131 gemilere kapal\u0131 liman ilan etmi\u015ftir. Bunu m\u00fcteakiben, K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti, 38\/73 say\u0131l\u0131 yasada bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131 gibi sefere kapal\u0131 say\u0131lan Limanlardan sefere \u00e7\u0131karak K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti Limanlar\u0131na varan gemi kaptanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve\/veya gemi sahiplerinin hapis veya para cezas\u0131 veyahut her ikisiyle birden cezaland\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fini d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>KKTC\u2019nin ilan edilmesinden sonra ise, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi 541 No.lu karar\u0131 ile KKTC\u2019nin yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve uluslararas\u0131 toplum taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan karar\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin AB\u2019ye giri\u015f s\u00fcreci h\u0131zlan\u0131rken yine K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Kuzeyinde bulunan topraklarla ilgili uluslararas\u0131 toplum taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan yeni kararlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kararlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131; 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABAD taraf\u0131ndan KKTC men\u015feli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin Avrupa pazar\u0131na giri\u015finin yasaklanmas\u0131 ve yine K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin AB\u2019ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra A\u0130HM taraf\u0131ndan, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinin AB\u2019nin \u201cetkin kontrol\u00fc\u201d d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan b\u00f6lge olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, KKTC\u2019nin g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, AB ile olan ili\u015fkilerinin 3.devletler klasman\u0131na indirgenmesine ili\u015fkin kararlard\u0131r. Bu durum, hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesizdir ki, iki unsuru g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir. Bunlar\u0131n birincisi, izolasyonlar\u0131n, ge\u00e7en zaman zarf\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Kuzeyinin \u00f6nce \u00fcretimden kopmas\u0131na ve daha sonra da Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n D\u00fcnya deniz ticareti ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesine sebep oldu\u011fudur. \u0130kinci bir husus ise, Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131n\u0131n probleminin siyasi oldu\u011fu, Liman\u0131n kaderinin toplumlar aras\u0131 siyasi dengelere s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve siyasi bir ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flanmadan Liman\u0131n D\u00fcnya ticareti ile entegre oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin bir hayalden ibaret oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnya deniz ticareti ve liman end\u00fcstrisi, sanayi devriminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ile birlikte \u201ckonteynerizasyon\u201d \u015feklinde geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flayarak, k\u0131talar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan noktalarda bulunan \u015fehirlerdeki limanlar gittik\u00e7e yo\u011funla\u015farak, bug\u00fcn birer dev konteyner ve lojistik ambar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Limasol Liman\u0131, Asya, Afrika ve Avrupa aras\u0131nda deniz ticareti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan (Suez Canal\u2019a yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde) ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek en de\u011ferli noktada bulundu\u011fundan, Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki liman end\u00fcstrisinin bu y\u00f6nde geli\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seren do\u011fal bir laboratuvar \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n<p>1974 \u00f6ncesi Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck Limanlar\u0131ndan olan ve adan\u0131n % 83\u2019e varan kargo faaliyetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcn Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019in konteyner ambar\u0131 olmas\u0131 beklenirken, 1974 askeri m\u00fcdahalesi sonucunda adan\u0131n Kuzeyi uluslararas\u0131 toplum taraf\u0131ndan izole edildi\u011finden, Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131n\u0131n yerini Limasol Liman\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Limasol Liman\u0131, 1974\u2019den bu yana K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne sa\u011flanan fonlarla geli\u015ftirilerek, AB\u2019nin Do\u011fu Akdenizdeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck lojistik merkezi haline getirilmi\u015ftir. Limasol Liman\u0131, ge\u00e7en zaman zarf\u0131nda fiziken ve teknolojik olarak geli\u015ftirilerek, y\u0131ll\u0131k kapasitesi 600,000 TEU\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Orta Do\u011fu ve Asya\u2019dan gelerek Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli Limanlar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilecek olan kargolar\u0131n saklanabilmesi i\u00e7in y\u00fcz binlerce tonluk kapasiteye sahip buzluklu konteyner terminalleri, rampalar, gemilerin \u00e7abuk\u00e7a bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak vin\u00e7li sistemler kurulmu\u015ftur. Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131n\u0131n konteyner kapasitesi ise y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fmeyerek yakla\u015f\u0131k 20,000 tonla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131, KKTC topraklar\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Limanlar\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 toplum taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan via Mersin olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmektedir. Bu, deniz seferini hem zaman hem de boyut olarak uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, seferin normalden daha pahal\u0131ya yap\u0131lmas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle navlunun kesinlikle Limasol Liman\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak bir yolculu\u011fa k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131 demektir. Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131 AB topraklar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bir 3.\u00fclke say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak ithalat da, ihracaat da \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek vergilere tabidir. Yine, Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131nda bo\u015falt\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek olan 2500 MTN bir bulk carrier (a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan gemi) 2 g\u00fcnde ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek fiyatlara bo\u015falt\u0131labilirken, Limasol\u2019da sa\u011flanan teknik gere\u00e7lerle 5 saate ve olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyata bo\u015falt\u0131labilmektedir. Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 toplum taraf\u0131ndan izole edilmi\u015f tan\u0131nmayan bir noktada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, sigortalanan risk artt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan y\u00fck ve gemilerin sigortalanmas\u0131 daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r. Son olarak K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde, halen ge\u00e7erli olan ve \u201ckapal\u0131 limanlardan\u201d gelen gemilerin kaptanlar\u0131 ve sahiplerinin tutuklanabilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin yasalar bulundu\u011fundan, hem y\u00fck hem de turistik cruise gemilerinin Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131na ve daha sonra K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyetinin sair limanlar\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 ticarette ise pek tabiidir ki, ama\u00e7 kar oldu\u011fundan, Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131 mevcut hali ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan siyasi engeller sebebiyle, tacirler taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilmemekte b\u00f6ylelikle uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r uluslararas\u0131 denizcilik ticareti a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itilmektedir. Bu durum \u00fclke ekonomisi ve \u00fcretimini de negatif y\u00f6nde etkilemekte bu ko\u015fullarda D\u00fcnya ile rekabet ve ihracaat m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00fcretimin \u00f6lmesine \u00f6te yandan sat\u0131n al\u0131nan mal ve hizmetlerin olduk\u00e7a pahal\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk toplumunun T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelmesine sebep olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6te yandan, D\u00fcnya deniz ticareti uzun y\u0131llardan beridir BM (Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler), IMO (International Maritime Organization), BIMCO (The Baltic and International Maritime Council) ve AB (Avrupa Birli\u011fi) gibi uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir mevzuatla y\u00f6netilmektedir. Mevzuat\u0131n amac\u0131, deniz ticaretine ili\u015fkin kurallar\u0131, gemilerin uymas\u0131 gereken kural ve standartlar\u0131 belirlemek, bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplamak bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra denizlerde can ve mal kayb\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca \u00e7evre felaketlerini kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131 ile s\u00fcrekli tetkik ederek uymayanlara yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulayarak \u00f6nlemektir. Ancak mevcut siyasal sorunlar sebebi ile deniz ticaretinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itilen, Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131, bug\u00fcn, ticari anlamda ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesi verdi\u011finden, d\u00fcnya denizcilik mevzuat\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi kurallar\u0131 ve standartlar\u0131 yerine getirmek ve denetlemek \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, adeta sub-standard yani uluslararas\u0131 deniz hukukunun belirledi\u011fi standartlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalan etik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir y\u00f6neticilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00fcn sahibi olan gemilerin u\u011frak noktas\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Buna ek olarak, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itilmi\u015fli\u011fin verdi\u011fi rehavetle, Liman y\u00f6netimi, Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, AB ve sair \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uygun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kabul edilmeyen kargolar\u0131n depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin bilahare 3. D\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerine yeniden sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kimyasal at\u0131k deposuna d\u00f6nmesine g\u00f6z yummu\u015ftur. Oysa ki, Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 toplum d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itilmemi\u015f olsa idi, t\u00fcm bunlar uluslararas\u0131 toplum ve mevzuat taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131nan\u0131p \u00e7e\u015fitli yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olaca\u011f\u0131ndan Liman\u0131m\u0131z bug\u00fcn Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019in en yo\u011fun limanlar\u0131ndan birisi olabilirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Dolays\u0131s\u0131 ile Ma\u011fusa \u0130nisiyatifi olarak bizler, iki toplumlu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin yeniden ba\u015flamak \u00fczere oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde, taraflar\u0131n, nihai bir anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemeksizin, gecikmeden, bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve anla\u015fma ile Mara\u015f \u015fehri ve Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gerekirse BM \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir form\u00fclde birle\u015ferek, a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermesinin en do\u011fru yol oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyiz. Kanaatimizce, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, nihai bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm anla\u015fmas\u0131na var\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n Ma\u011fusa Liman\u0131n\u0131n durumunun yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve do\u011frudan ticaret t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7irilmesi halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak olumlu geli\u015fmeler, toplumlararas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ve refah bilincini yeniden canland\u0131racak, ezber bozacak ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme en b\u00fcy\u00fck destek olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[12],"tags":[14],"class_list":{"0":"post-69","1":"mi_yazi","2":"type-mi_yazi","3":"status-publish","5":"category-belge","6":"tag-magusa-limani","7":"czr-hentry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magusainsiyatifi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mi_yazi\/69","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magusainsiyatifi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mi_yazi"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magusainsiyatifi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/mi_yazi"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magusainsiyatifi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magusainsiyatifi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magusainsiyatifi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}